TCR/CD3-based synthetic antigen receptors (TCC) convey superior antigen sensitivity combined with high fidelity of activation

Mühlgrabner V, Peters T, Velasco Cárdenas RMH, Salzer B, Göhring J, Plach A, Höhrhan M, Perez ID, Dos Reis Goncalves V, Farfán JS, Lehner M, Stockinger H, Schamel WW, Schober K, Busch DH, Hudecek M, Dushek O, Minguet S, Platzer R, Huppa JB.

Sci Adv. 2024 Sep 6; doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adj4632.

In this collaborative effort, the Schamel and Minguet groups joined forces with Johannes Huppa's team in Vienna. The clinical use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)–modified T cells is limited by low antigen sensitivity and a gradual decline in effector functions, highlighting the need for alternative antigen receptor designs for effective T cell–based cancer immunotherapy. We designed TCR-based synthetic constructs (TCC) in which the variable antigen-binding regions of an antibody replace the one of the TCR. Our study employed advanced microscopy to show that TCCs achieve up to a thousandfold greater antigen sensitivity compared to second-generation CAR formats. TCC-mediated antigen recognition occurred without the nonspecific, tonic signaling commonly seen in CAR–T cells. The signaling capabilities of TCC may be essential for targeting low-abundance antigens and fostering a lasting anti-cancer response.